Search results for " Central nervous system"

showing 10 items of 47 documents

Minimally invasive cerebral cavernoma surgery using keyhole approaches - solutions for technique-related limitations.

2009

Cavernomas are often small in size and located in difficultly accessible regions. Preoperative identification of the ideal surgical approach as well as the precise intraoperative implementation of the surgical plan are of critical importance for successful surgery. While aiming for minimally invasive surgical techniques and maximally effective cavernoma resection, we envisaged that employing a combination of precise and technically sophisticated virtual reality surgery planning, modern navigation systems with augmented reality features and endoscope-assisted surgical techniques should contribute to achieve this goal. Between December 2002 and November 2005, 66 patients were operated on for …

AdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyHemangioma Cavernous Central Nervous SystemNeuronavigation610 Medicine & healthComplete resectionNeurosurgical Proceduressurgery planningResection10180 Clinic for NeurosurgeryMedicineHumansMinimally Invasive Surgical ProcedurescavernomaNeuronavigationRetrospective StudiesSurgical approachbusiness.industryBrain NeoplasmsSurgery planningEndoscopyGeneral Medicine2746 SurgerySurgery2728 Neurology (clinical)Treatment OutcomeFeature (computer vision)virtual realitySurgeryAugmented realityNeurology (clinical)businessKeyholeMinimally invasive neurosurgery : MIN
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CT and MR Imaging of Non-neoplastic Intracranial Masses

1989

Many intracranial mass lesions of non-neoplastic origin present CT and MR features similar or identical to those of true neoplasms. In many cases a definitive diagnosis cannot be made from imaging findings alone, and misinterpretation is possible even when the history and clinical findings are considered. Yet an accurate preoperative diagnosis is an essential prerequisite for selecting candidates for a neurosurgical operation and planning the procedure. In some cases the full range of neuroradiologic techniques may have to be applied and evaluated in the context of clinical findings before the physician can accurately classify the disease and draw appropriate therapeutic conclusions.

medicine.medical_specialtyNon neoplasticbusiness.industryProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyPrimary central nervous system lymphomaContext (language use)medicine.diseaseMr imagingArachnoid cystmedicineRadiologybusinessBrain abscessIntracranial mass
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Central nervous system involvement in ALK-rearranged NSCLC : promising strategies to overcome crizotinib resistance

2016

ABSTRACT: Introduction: ALK rearranged Non Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLCs) represent a distinct subgroup of patients with peculiar clinic-pathological features. These patients exhibit dramatic responses when treated with the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor Crizotinib, albeit Central Nervous System (CNS) activity is much less impressive than that observed against extracranial lesions. CNS involvement has become increasingly observed in these patients, given their prolonged survival. Several novel generation ALK inhibitors have been developing to increase CNS penetration and to provide more complete ALK inhibition. Areas covered: The CNS activity of Crizotinib and novel generation ALK inhibito…

0301 basic medicineLung NeoplasmsSettore MED/06 - Oncologia MedicaPyridinesPyridineDrug ResistanceNSCLCTyrosine-kinase inhibitorALK translocations Brain metastases central nervous system metastases leptomeningeal metastases NSCLC Animals Antineoplastic Agents Brain Neoplasms Carcinoma Non-Small-Cell Lung Drug Design Drug Resistance Neoplasm Gene Rearrangement Humans Lung Neoplasms Protein Kinase Inhibitors Pyrazoles Pyridines Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Oncology Pharmacology (medical)Cns penetrationAntineoplastic Agent0302 clinical medicinecentral nervous system metastasesCarcinoma Non-Small-Cell Lunghemic and lymphatic diseasesMedicinePharmacology (medical)Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinaseleptomeningeal metastaseNon-Small-Cell LungGene RearrangementBrain NeoplasmsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinasemedicine.anatomical_structureOncology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisNon small cellHumanmedicine.drugBrain metastasemedicine.drug_classCentral nervous systemProtein Kinase InhibitorCNS InvolvementAntineoplastic AgentsALK translocationBrain Neoplasm03 medical and health sciencesCrizotinibAnimalsHumansCns activityCrizotinib resistanceProtein Kinase Inhibitorsleptomeningeal metastasescentral nervous system metastaseCrizotinibAnimalbusiness.industryCarcinomaReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesBrain metastasesLung Neoplasm030104 developmental biologyALK translocationsDrug Resistance NeoplasmDrug DesignPyrazoleImmunologyCancer researchNeoplasmPyrazolesHuman medicinebusinessExpert review of anticancer therapy
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Role of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with isolated severe ventriculomegaly at neurosonography: A multicenter study.

2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the rate of additional anomalies detected exclusively at prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses with isolated severe ventriculomegaly undergoing neurosonography. Method: Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study involving 20 referral fetal medicine centers in Italy, United Kingdom, Spain and Denmark. Inclusion criteria were fetuses affected by isolated severe ventriculomegaly (≥15 mm), defined as ventriculomegaly with normal karyotype and no other additional central nervous system (CNS) and extra-CNS anomalies on ultrasound. In all cases, a multiplanar assessment of fetal brain as suggested by ISUOG guidelines on fetal neurosonogra…

medicine.medical_specialtyCentral nervous system; Fetal magnetic resonance imaging; Fetal ultrasound; MRI; Neurosonography; Prenatal diagnosis; VentriculomegalyPrenatal diagnosicentral nervous system; fetal magnetic resonance imaging; fetal ultrasound; MRI; neurosonography; prenatal diagnosis; ventriculomegalyPrenatal diagnosisPrenatal diagnosisUltrasonography PrenatalNOCohort StudiesLesionCentral nervous system Fetal magnetic resonance imaging Fetal ultrasound MRI Neurosonography Prenatal diagnosis VentriculomegalyFetusPregnancyHumansMedicinefetal magnetic resonance imagingventriculomegaly central nervous system fetal magnetic resonance imaging MRI fetal ultrasound neurosonography prenatal diagnosisventriculomegalyRetrospective StudiesFetusprenatal diagnosismedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryUltrasoundObstetrics and GynecologyGestational ageMagnetic resonance imagingmedicine.diseasecentral nervous systemMagnetic Resonance ImagingFetal ultrasoundneurosonographyNeurosonographyFetal magnetic resonance imagingReproductive Medicinefetal ultrasoundSettore MED/40Central nervous systemVentriculomegalyGestationFemaleRadiologymedicine.symptombusinessHydrocephalusVentriculomegalyMRI
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Vascular Malformation of the Central Nervous System

2022

Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System Vascular MalformationsVascular MalformationsHumansVascular Malformation Central Nervous SystemSurgeryVascular DiseasesNeurology (clinical)
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Anaesthetic-related neuroprotection: intravenous or inhalational agents?

2010

In designing the anaesthetic plan for patients undergoing surgery, the choice of anaesthetic agent may often appear irrelevant and the best results obtained by the use of a technique or a drug with which the anaesthesia care provider is familiar. Nevertheless, in those surgical procedures (cardiopulmonary bypass, carotid surgery and cerebral aneurysm surgery) and clinical situations (subarachnoid haemorrhage, stroke, brain trauma and postcardiac arrest resuscitation) where protecting the CNS is a priority, the choice of anaesthetic drug assumes a fundamental role. Treating patients with a neuroprotective agent may be a consideration in improving overall neurological outcome. Therefore, a cl…

Central Nervous SystemTime FactorsNeuroprotective AgentIntravenouNeuroprotectionSevofluraneBrain IschemiaDesfluranePharmacotherapyadministration /&/ dosage/pharmacologyBrain InjurieAdministration InhalationAdministration; Inhalation Anesthesia; Intravenous Anesthetics; administration /&/ dosage/pharmacology Animals Brain Injuries Brain Ischemia Cardiopulmonary Bypass Central Nervous System; drug effects Clinical Trials as Topic Craniotomy Humans Inhalation; drug effects Neuroprotective Agents; administration /&/ dosage/pharmacology Rats Time FactorsMedicineAnimalsHumansPharmacology (medical)AnesthesiaAdverse effectStrokeAnestheticsClinical Trials as TopicAnaesthetic neuroprotectionCardiopulmonary Bypassbusiness.industryAnimalCardiopulmonary BypaSettore MED/27 - NeurochirurgiaAnestheticdrug effectmedicine.diseaseRatsPsychiatry and Mental healthNeuroprotective AgentsIsofluraneInhalationAnesthesiaBrain Injuriesdrug effectsAnestheticAdministrationAnesthesia IntravenousRatNeurology (clinical)businessIntravenousCraniotomymedicine.drugHuman
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Somatic copy number alterations are associated with EGFR amplification and shortened survival in patients with primary glioblastoma.

2019

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system. With no effective therapy, the prognosis for patients is terrible poor. It is highly heterogeneous and EGFR amplification is its most frequent molecular alteration. In this light, we aimed to examine the genetic heterogeneity of GBM and to correlate it with the clinical characteristics of the patients. For that purpose, we analyzed the status of EGFR and the somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) of a set of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Thus, we found GBMs with high level of EGFR amplification, low level and with no EGFR amplification. Highly amplified tumors showed histological features of…

0301 basic medicineMaleCancer ResearchBiopsyL-amp GB EGFR-low amplified glioblastomamedicine.disease_causewt wildtypeMYBPC3 myosin-binding protein C0302 clinical medicineHIC1 hypermethylated in cancer 1Gene duplicationIn Situ Hybridization FluorescenceIDH2 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2MutationRB-pat RB signaling pathwayEGFRvIII epidermal growth factor receptor variant number IIIPAH phenylalanine hydroxylaseGBM glioblastoma IDH-wildtype (glioblastoma multiforme primary glioblastoma).ANOVA ANalysis Of VArianceN-amp GB EGFR-no amplified glioblastomaMiddle AgedCDKN2A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2Alcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensPrognosisPrimary tumorImmunohistochemistryH-amp GB EGFR-high amplified glioblastomaErbB ReceptorsTKR-pat tyrosine-kinase receptors signaling pathway030220 oncology & carcinogenesisDisease ProgressionCDK6 cyclin-dependent kinase 6CDH1 Cadherin 1FemaleCREM cAMP response element modulatorIHC immunohistochemistryAdultOriginal articleDNA Copy Number VariationsCDKN1B cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1BBiologyRARB retinoic acid receptor betaCNS central nervous systemlcsh:RC254-282IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1BCL2 B-cell cll/ lymphoma 2CNAs copy number algerationsWHO World Health Organization03 medical and health sciencesYoung Adultp53-pat p53 signaling pathwaymedicineBiomarkers TumorTMA tissue microarrayPTENHumansProtein kinase BPI3K/AKT/mTOR pathwaySurvival analysisAgedGenetic heterogeneityGene AmplificationGFAP glial fibrillary acidic proteinMLPA multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplificationmedicine.diseaseFISH fluorescence in situ hibridizationSurvival AnalysisCDKN2B cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2BPTEN phosphatase and tensin homologEGFR epidermal growth factor receptorCNV-load load of copy number variations030104 developmental biologyMutationPARK2 parkinCancer researchbiology.proteinTCGA The Cancer Genome AtlasLARGE1 acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like protein 1GlioblastomaCHD7 Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 7DAPI 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindoleNeoplasia (New York, N.Y.)
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CNS involvement in OFD1 syndrome: a clinical, molecular, and neuroimaging study

2014

Background Oral-facial-digital type 1 syndrome (OFD1; OMIM 311200) belongs to the expanding group of disorders ascribed to ciliary dysfunction. With the aim of contributing to the understanding of the role of primary cilia in the central nervous system (CNS), we performed a thorough characterization of CNS involvement observed in this disorder. Methods A cohort of 117 molecularly diagnosed OFD type I patients was screened for the presence of neurological symptoms and/or cognitive/behavioral abnormalities on the basis of the available information supplied by the collaborating clinicians. Seventy-one cases showing CNS involvement were further investigated through neuroimaging studies and neur…

Central nervous systemNeuroimagingNeuropsychological TestsPharmacologyBioinformaticsSettore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICACiliopathiesCohort Studies03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineNeuroimagingCentral Nervous System DiseasesmedicineHumansGenetics(clinical)Pharmacology (medical)Orofaciodigital type 1Ciliopathies; Neurodevelopmental phenotype; Neuroimaging; OFD1; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mutation; Neuropsychological Tests; Orofaciodigital Syndromes; Medicine (all); Genetics (clinical); Pharmacology (medical)Agenesis of the corpus callosumGenetics (clinical)030304 developmental biologyMedicine(all)0303 health sciencesbusiness.industryMedicine (all)ResearchCiliumNeuropsychologyCognitionGeneral MedicineOrofaciodigital Syndromesmedicine.diseasecentral nervous systemMagnetic Resonance ImagingPorencephalyCiliopathies3. Good healthmedicine.anatomical_structureMutationFemaleNeurodevelopmental phenotypeOFD1business030217 neurology & neurosurgeryOrphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
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Bidirectional Control between Cholesterol Shuttle and Purine Signal at the Central Nervous System.

2022

Recent studies have highlighted the mechanisms controlling the formation of cerebral cholesterol, which is synthesized in situ primarily by astrocytes, where it is loaded onto apolipoproteins and delivered to neurons and oligodendrocytes through interactions with specific lipoprotein receptors. The “cholesterol shuttle” is influenced by numerous proteins or carbohydrates, which mainly modulate the lipoprotein receptor activity, function and signaling. These molecules, provided with enzymatic/proteolytic activity leading to the formation of peptide fragments of different sizes and specific sequences, could be also responsible for machinery malfunctions, which are associated with neurological…

Central Nervous SystemNeuronsNiemann-Pick DiseasesOrganic ChemistryReceptors PurinergicLDL receptorLDL receptors; cholesterol; purinergic receptors; Cholesterol; Humans; Neurons; Purines; Receptors Purinergic; Central Nervous System; Niemann-Pick DiseasesPurinergicGeneral MedicineRECEPTORESCatalysisComputer Science ApplicationsInorganic ChemistryCholesterolPurinespurinergic receptorsReceptorsLDL receptorsHumansPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryMolecular BiologySpectroscopyInternational journal of molecular sciences
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Tuberculosis of the central nervous system in children: 32 years survey.

2005

Aim. In order to study the impact of clinical and diagnostic parameters on the clinical outcome of children with central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB), we retrospectively reviewed all cases of CNS-TB diagnosed over a 32-year period at the Children's Hospital of Palermo, Italy. Methods. Data were collected with regard to the clinical, laboratory and demographic characteristics of patients, as well as the results of radiological investigations and data on clinical outcome. In relation to the date of introduction of new diagnostic methods (indirect as well direct) and to the change of treatment periods, the authors compared the clinical outcome of patients admitted prior and after 1984.…

MaleTime FactorsTuberculosis Central Nervous System diagnosis drug therapyTuberculin TestData CollectionAge FactorsAntitubercular AgentsInfantMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosis Central Nervous SystemTreatment OutcomeItalyChild PreschoolData Interpretation StatisticalHumansFemaleChildRetrospective StudiesMinerva pediatrica
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